Understanding Periodontal Disease: Causes and Symptoms

Periodontal disease, also called gum disease, impacts millions of people worldwide, with nearly half of adults over 30 in the US affected by it. Unfortunately, it is often ignored until it becomes serious.

Unhealthy gums often signal the early stages of this condition, which typically starts with gum inflammation that can advance to impact the bone that supports your teeth.

Understanding the signs and causes of periodontal disease can help you take preventive steps and get treatment before the condition worsens. This guide will help you understand this common issue and improve your gum health. 

Keep reading for great practical oral health tips and a confident, healthy smile. 

Causes of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease often develops from everyday habits that might seem harmless at first. To help you recognize this, take into account the following:

Poor Oral Hygiene

Inadequate brushing and flossing lead to plaque buildup, which can eventually cause gum infection. If plaque isn't removed, it hardens into tartar, making it more difficult to clean your teeth and increasing your risk of gum disease.

You should visit a dental hygienist regularly-typically every 6 to 12 months for professional cleanings.

Smoking or Chewing Tobacco

Tobacco use is a big risk factor for periodontal disease. Smoking impairs your immune system, making it harder for your body to combat infections. 

Additionally, tobacco products can make your gums more vulnerable to infections and slow down healing.

Genetic Factors

Some people may be more prone to periodontal diseases due to genetic factors. Even if you practice good oral hygiene, you may be at increased risk if you have a family history of gum disease.

Medical Conditions

Certain health conditions can heighten your risk of developing periodontal disease. For example, diabetes mellitus can make you more susceptible to infections, including those affecting your gums. 

Other conditions, such as hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause, can also affect your gum health.

Medications

Some medications may cause a dry mouth with reduced saliva flow. 

Saliva helps to clear away bacteria and food particles, so less saliva can lead to more plaque buildup and a bigger risk of gum disease.

Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Recognizing the symptoms of periodontal disease early can help you manage the condition effectively. Here are common signs to watch out for:

Red, Swollen Gums

Healthy gums are typically firm and pale pink. Tender, swollen, and red gums might be an early warning sign of gum disease.

Bleeding Gums

Bleeding while brushing or flossing is a common sign of periodontal disease. If your gums bleed regularly, it's important to see a dentist for a thorough examination, treatment, and customized care advice. However, you don't have to worry if it happens only once in a blue moon.

Persistent Bad Breath

Long-lasting bad breath can be one of the first signs of a gum infection. The bacteria that cause periodontal disease can produce foul-smelling breath that doesn't go away with regular brushing.

Receding Gums

If you find that your gums are drawing away from your teeth, it could indicate that periodontal disease is starting to affect your gum tissue. This recession can make your teeth look longer and increase tooth sensitivity.

Loose Teeth

As periodontal disease advances, it can lead to a decrease in bone support around the teeth. This reduction in bone structure can cause teeth to become loose or shift.

Gum Disease Prevention

Preventing periodontal disease involves good oral hygiene and regular dental care. Here are some dental care advice tips to help keep your gums healthy:

Brush and Floss Daily

Proper brushing and flossing lower plaque buildup. Brush your teeth at least twice a day with good fluoride toothpaste and floss to remove plaque from between your teeth and under the gum line. 

Use Mouthwash

Antimicrobial mouthwash can help to reduce bacteria and plaque in your mouth. It can be an excellent addition to your oral hygiene routine, especially if you're prone to gum infections.

Quit Smoking

If you smoke, quitting can greatly improve your gum health. Non-smokers are less likely to develop gum disease and heal faster if they do.

Eat a Balanced Diet

A mineral and vitamin-rich diet supports your immune system and oral health. Add a range of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains to prevent gum disease development.

Visit Your Dentist Regularly

Regular dental check-ups help you spot gum disease early. Your dentist can check for problems and offer effective gum care and treatment.

Gum Disease Stages

Periodontal disease advances through several stages, each with its characteristics. Understanding this can help you identify the disease early and take appropriate action.

Gingivitis

This marks the beginning of gum disease. It consists of inflammation of the gums, causing them to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. With good oral hygiene, gingivitis is generally reversible.

Periodontitis

Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, which involves deeper gum inflammation and loss of bone support around the teeth. If not managed properly, periodontitis can lead to gum recession and tooth instability.

Advanced Periodontitis

In the final stage, periodontitis can inflict significant damage on the bone and soft tissue around the teeth. Teeth may become loose enough to need extraction. Advanced periodontitis needs intensive treatment to manage the disease and prevent tooth loss.

If you suspect gum disease, visit a professional oral hygienist and dentist as soon as possible. Any of these indications should be a wake-up call for immediate attention:

• Bleeding or persistent bad breath that doesn't improve with good oral hygiene practices
• Noticeable gum recession or pockets forming between your teeth and gums
• Ongoing pain or discomfort affecting your daily activities or eating
• Changes in the alignment of how your teeth fit together when you bite

Dental Care Advice: Managing Unhealthy Gums

Unhealthy gums often signal periodontal disease, which can cause serious oral health problems if left untreated. If you notice symptoms of gum disease, seek dental care promptly to prevent further progression. 



At Waldron Smile Center in Middletown, NY, we offer family dental care, orthodontics, and comprehensive restoration services to effectively address and manage gum disease. Don't compromise on your dental health-choose Dr Michael Waldron and his experienced team for outstanding care and results.